Understanding the Different Types of Jack Russell Terriers

1. Jack Russell Terrier (JRT)

The Original Working Dog

The Jack Russell Terrier, often referred to simply as the “JRT,” is the original breed developed by Reverend John Russell in England in the 1800s. These dogs were bred for fox hunting — specifically to chase and flush foxes from their dens without harming them.

• Height: 10–15 inches (25–38 cm)

• Build: Compact, athletic, and flexible

• Coat Types: Smooth, rough, or broken (a mix of both)

• Tail: Traditionally docked in working lines, but often left natural today

• Personality: Energetic, driven, and very intelligent

Fun Fact: The JRT is not a show ring breed — it’s a working terrier, and many enthusiasts prefer it to be judged on performance rather than appearance.

Note: In the U.S., the Jack Russell Terrier name often refers to dogs registered with the Jack Russell Terrier Club of America (JRTCA), which maintains a strong focus on the breed’s working roots.

2. Parson Russell Terrier

The Show Ring Standard

The Parson Russell Terrier is closely related to the JRT, but it has been officially recognized by kennel clubs such as the American Kennel Club (AKC) and The Kennel Club (UK) as a separate breed — with specific conformation standards for showing.

• Height: 12–15 inches (30–38 cm)

• Build: Taller and more square-shaped than the JRT

• Coat Types: Smooth or broken

• Tail: Usually left natural, carried high

• Personality: Lively, alert, and athletic

While they’re still energetic and intelligent, Parson Russells are often bred more for appearance and temperament than hunting ability.

Key Difference: Parsons are usually taller and more "leggy" than their JRT cousins, with a body that fits neatly into a square shape rather than the longer rectangular frame of many Jack Russells.

3. Russell Terrier

The Smaller Companion

Sometimes called the "Shorty Jack" or English Russell Terrier, this type was developed in Australia from smaller Jack Russells imported from the UK. It has gained popularity as a companion breed and is recognized by the AKC as the Russell Terrier.

• Height: 10–12 inches (25–30 cm)

• Build: Shorter-legged, more rectangular in body

• Coat Types: Smooth, rough, or broken

• Tail: Typically natural

• Personality: Friendly, outgoing, and affectionate — but still with that terrier drive

Russell Terriers have the same lively spirit and intelligence as the others but tend to be a bit more compact, making them ideal for homes with less space — though they still need plenty of exercise!

Final Woofs

Jack Russell Terriers — in all their forms — are bold, clever, and endlessly entertaining. Whether you're drawn to the traditional working lines or the more refined show standards, one thing’s for sure: life with a Jack Russell is never boring.

If you’re thinking about bringing one into your life, do your research, talk to reputable breeders or rescue groups, and be ready for a dog that will challenge you, make you laugh, and keep you on your toes.